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Harm reduction research is improving care for patients who use substances
Research from Lawson Health Research Institute is helping to advance harm reduction strategies in hospitals for people who use substances. In an announcement today, Arielle Kayabaga, Member of Parliament for London West, on behalf of the Honourable Ya’ara Saks, Canada’s Minister of Mental Health and Addictions, announced how $72,768 in funding from Health Canada’s Substance Use and Addictions Program is supporting this ongoing work at London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC) and St. Joseph’s Health Care London (St. Joseph’s).
“Here in London, just like many other cities across Canada, we’re seeing substance use harms continue to take a tragic toll on our families and friends,” says MP Kayabaga. “We are committed to supporting organizations who are on the ground in communities, helping to keep people who use substances safe.”
Research from Lawson has found patients who use methamphetamine reported stigma and a lack of understanding about addiction among health-care providers and hospital staff. This can sometimes result in patients not seeking care, experiencing withdrawal while receiving care or leaving a hospital against medical advice.
Building on those findings, a team led by Lawson researchers, Drs. Cheryl Forchuk and Michael Silverman, has been working to implement and study harm reduction strategies at LHSC and St. Joseph’s, including those aimed at facilitating changes in attitude, knowledge, organizational support and safety approaches.
“There’s a lot of stigma and misunderstanding about substance use,” says Dr. Forchuk, Scientist and Assistant Scientific Director at Lawson. “This project aims to embed education on substance use and harm reduction as a foundational way to improve care and outcomes.”
As part of the research project, Darren Scott, a Peer Harm Reduction Worker with Regional HIV/AIDS Connection who has lived experience with substance use, and Tammy Fischer, a Clinical Nursing Educator in LHSC’s Mental Health and Addictions Program, have been working to educate health-care workers about harm reduction practices.
“I am able to share with patient caregivers how I was treated while I was in active addiction,” shares Scott. “I can let them know what people are going through from the other side and provide advice on how to care for them. The health-care teams have been fantastic and very open-minded throughout this project. I have received feedback that it is vital to include people with lived experience in this education.”
One area of focus from this study has been education around sharps boxes in inpatient hospital rooms. Sharps boxes allow for the safe disposal of sharps like needles to protect the health and safety of patients and health-care teams. Through this study, the research team identified that when sharps boxes are removed from the rooms of patients suspected of using substances to discourage substance use it leads to harm.
“About half of patients who use substances are still using in-hospital, since suddenly stopping use is often not feasible nor safe. Access to sharps boxes decreases the risk of injury to health-care teams and patients,” Fischer explains. “People who use any injection must have safe means to dispose of used equipment.”
The team launched a campaign to educate health-care teams on the importance of keeping sharps boxes in patient rooms. Preliminary data from interviews with patients who use substances found they noticed a difference after this education. Patients felt more comfortable speaking to health-care teams and noted they could be more open about discussing their addiction.
Government of Canada funding is critically important to this work and builds on just over $1 million in previously announced funding. The project is one of several harm reduction research initiatives being explored collaboratively through LHSC and St. Joseph’s to ensure people who use substances receive the highest quality of equitable care.
“This investment is part of our comprehensive and compassionate approach to reducing harms as a result of substance use. We will continue to use every tool at our disposal to build a safer, healthier and more caring future for all Canadians,” says Minister Saks. “Supporting local organizations who have deep roots in their communities and have the trust of their patients is making a real difference in people’s lives in the community of London, Ontario.”
Health researchers in London bring in over $11 million of national funding
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) announced more than $11.3 million in funding through their project grants program for 17 health research projects across Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University.
“The funded projects represent a wide range of research and expertise from London’s health research community, with real impacts for health and health care,” says Dr. David Hill, Lawson Scientific Director. “Congratulations to those successful applicants who have secured this funding on a very tough competition.”
Projects include a national study on transgender health; a community-based family treatment program for children with epilepsy; imaging of blood clots in the brain; equity in mental health care for children and youth; and, a smartphone intervention focused on diet and food literacy.
See the full list of successful applicants.
Cooling the Brain after Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest to Prevent Brain Injury
There are 40,000 cardiac arrests each year in Canada. A high number of patients won’t survive the event and nearly half of the survivors suffer from brain damage that can have a huge impact on their ability to live independently. The current guidelines recommend cooling of the whole body to protect the brain against the damaging effects of cardiac arrest. However, in the clinic there are several hurdles for this treatment that can create complications. Enhanced brain protection may be achieved by selectively cooling the brain but a simple, effective and non-invasive method to do so is needed.
Dr. Ting-Yim Lee and his research team are studying a simple means to cool down the brain by blowing compressed air into the nostrils which would essentially chill the warm blood coming through the nasal cavity on its way to the brain. Using an animal model, their aim is to show that the method can be used safely and is able to protect the brain after cardiac arrest.
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The DECIPHER Study
Shoulder fractures are becoming increasingly common for older adults and cause considerable limitations and impacts for their daily life. While different approaches are taken to treat shoulder fractures, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence to show which of those methods are the most effective and for which patients.
Dr. Emil Schemitsch and his research team are proposing the first nation-wide, multi-centre observational study with over 600 patients with the ultimate goal of determining what specific factors influence important outcomes for patients. The DECIPHER study will seek to answer important questions about which treatment and rehabilitation strategies are best for different patients, strengthening the clinical strategy for managing these difficult and prevalent injuries. It will also provide an economic analysis to understand the impact for healthcare system costs.
Congratulations to all of the successful applicants:
- Greta Bauer and Ayden Scheim - Trans PULSE Canada: A National Study of Transgender Health
- Maria Drangova - Characterizing cerebral thrombus composition with Phase‐based MRI
- David Edgell, Bogumil Karas, and Gregory Gloor - ConCRISPR: Conjugative delivery of a hybrid CRISPR/Tev nuclease system for specific microbiota modulation in the mammalian gut
- Jason Gilliland - Evaluation of a Smartphone Based Intervention for Improving Food Literacy, Food Purchasing, and Diet Quality Among Youth in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Environments
- Douglas Hamilton - Novel Biomaterials‐Based Strategies to Stimulate Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
- David Haniford - Regulation of Salmonella pathogenesis by transposon‐encoded small regulatory RNAs
- Steven Laviolette - Effects of Neurodevelopmental Exposure to Cannabinoids on Prefrontal Cortical Function: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders
- Ting-Yim Lee - Selective Brain Hypothermia via Intranasal Cooling to Limit Brain Injury Post Cardiac Arrest (Funded through Lawson Health Research Institute)
- Stephen Lomber - Cortical Plasticity Following Deafness
- Vania Prado - Cholinergic influence in aging and brain pathology
- Graham Reid and William Gardner - Equity in Mental Health Care for Children and Youth
- Jason Roberts - The Role of Electrophysiology Testing in Survivors of Unexplained Cardiac Arrest: The EPS ARREST Study
- Emil Schemitsch - The DECIPHER Study: DEterminants of Function and Clinically Important outcomes in Proximal Humerus Fractures in the Elder Population: A National CohoRt (Funded through Lawson Health Research Institute)
- Walter Siqueira and Elizabeth Gillies - Novel Drug Delivery System for the Combat of Dental Caries by using Salivary Peptides
- Kathy Speechley and Karen Bax - A Community-Based Family Treatment Program for Children with Epilepsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Andrew Watson - Understanding and Treating Obesity Related loss of Embryo Developmental Competence
- Donald Welsh - Kir Channel Regulation by Membrane Lipids: An Enabler of Hemodynamic Sensing in the Cerebral Circulation