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Could microorganisms in poop help treat the deadliest form of skin cancer?
A multidisciplinary team at Lawson Health Research Institute is exploring whether fecal transplants can improve outcomes in melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy.
Immunotherapy drugs stimulate a person’s immune system to attack and destroy cancer. While they can significantly improve survival outcomes in those with melanoma, they are only effective in 40 to 50 per cent of patients. Preliminary research has suggested that the human microbiome – the diverse collection of microbes in our body – may play a role in whether or not a patient responds.
“The gut microbiome helps establish immunity from an early age. It makes sense that a healthy gut could improve response to immunotherapy,” explains Dr. Jeremy Burton, a Lawson Scientist who specializes in human microbiome research. “This led us to consider the potential of fecal transplants.”
Fecal transplants involve collecting stool from a healthy donor, preparing it in a lab and transplanting it to the patient. The goal is to transplant the donor’s microbiome so that healthy bacteria will colonize in the patient’s gut.
Above (from left): Drs. Michael Silverman and Jeremy Burton
In a phase I clinical trial, the research team is the first in Canada to study the use of fecal transplants to alter a cancer patient’s microbiome and improve their response to anti-PD1 immunotherapy drugs.
Research participants will be 20 melanoma patients recruited from the London Regional Cancer Program (LRCP) at London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC). They will undergo a fecal transplant at St. Joseph’s Hospital, a part of St. Joseph’s Health Care London, followed by immunotherapy at LRCP. The transplant will consist of taking a number of specially-prepared oral capsules.
Patients will be assessed over time for any changes to their cancer, microbiome, immune system and overall health. The primary goal of the study is to evaluate safety of the novel treatment combination, but researchers will also evaluate patient outcomes.
“Melanoma is the least common skin cancer but it is the most deadly and rates are going up,” says Dr. John Lenehan, Associate Scientist at Lawson and Oncologist at LHSC. “Anti-PD1 immunotherapy drugs can be extremely effective but we want to help more patients respond. That’s our goal.”
Above (from left): Drs. Saman Maleki and John Lenehan
While the team is studying the combination of fecal transplants and immunotherapy for melanoma, they see potential for other cancers as well.
“We’re one of the first in the world to study fecal transplants in cancer patients. This study is as cutting-edge as it gets with potential applications for multiple disease sites,” notes Dr. Saman Maleki, a Lawson Associate Scientist who specializes in cancer immunology. “With experts in microbiology, infectious disease, cancer and immunology, our institute is well-positioned to carry this forward.”
Dr. Michael Silverman, Lawson Associate Scientist and Chief of Infectious Disease at St. Joseph’s and LHSC, is a pioneer in the field of fecal transplants. St. Joseph’s is a leading centre for the procedure, performing them for Clostridium difficile (C. diff) patients across the province.
“Fecal transplants have saved the lives of countless patients with recurrent C. diff,” says Dr. Silverman. “We’re now starting to see its potential for the treatment of other diseases.”
Lawson researchers are planning fecal transplant studies for multiple other conditions including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) and cancer treatment toxicity.“But in order to conduct this research, we need stool donors,” notes Dr. Silverman.
Check out media coverage of this research:
- CTV News: Why fecal transplants could be the next frontier in fighting skin cancer
- Forbes: Could poop be the next treatment for cancer?
- London Free Press: Researchers seeking poop donors for skin cancer treatment study
- Daily Mirror: How human poo 'transplants' could help doctors treat deadliest form of skin cancer
- CBC: London cancer researchers make number 2 their number 1 priority
COVID-19 shown to leave unique lung fingerprint
LONDON, ON – Researchers at Lawson Health Research Institute (Lawson) developed and tested an artificial neural network for diagnosing COVID-19. The AI system was trained to learn and recognize patterns in ultrasound lung scans of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection at London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC) and compared them to ultrasound scans of patients with other types of lung diseases and infections.
“The AI tool that we developed can detect patterns that humans cannot. Lung ultrasound scans of patients with COVID-19, as well as other lung diseases, produce a highly abnormal imaging pattern, but it is almost impossible for a physician to tell apart different types of infections by looking at these images. There are details, however, that distinguish COVID-19 at the pixel level that cannot be perceived by the human eye,” explains Dr. Robert Arntfield, Lawson Researcher and Medical Director of the Critical Care Trauma Centre at LHSC.
“The neural network was able to identify the unique characteristics among different scans, and exceed human-level diagnostic specificity. Our study of over 100,000 ultrasound images showed that while trained physicians could – as expected - not distinguish between different causes of lung disease, the AI had nearly perfect accuracy in making the diagnosis. It’s almost like the AI sees a QR code that we cannot see, unique to the disease.”
LHSC is a global leader in the use of point-of-care ultrasound. It has become an important tool for the diagnosis and care of critically ill patients experiencing acute respiratory failure. The convenience, portability and low cost of using these machines makes them ideally suited for pandemic conditions.
This study is part of a collaborative effort by a small group of local clinicians driven to innovate and create technology that solves complicated problems with AI. “There are a lot of brilliant minds in our city, and I’m very proud that we were able to rapidly pull together a local team to design, develop and test a complex idea,” says Dr. Arntfield. “We are already expanding on these findings with more research.” Lawson has recently approved Dr. Arntfield’s “Project Deep Breathe” which aims to go beyond COVID-19 and explore multiple conditions where lung ultrasound and AI can be paired together.
The study, “Development of a convolutional neural network to differentiate among the etiology of similar appearing pathological B lines on lung ultrasound: a deep learning study”, is published in BMJ Open.
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Lawson Health Research Institute is one of Canada’s top hospital-based research institutes, tackling the most pressing challenges in health care. As the research institute of London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph’s Health Care London, our innovation happens where care is delivered. Lawson research teams are at the leading-edge of science with the goal of improving health and the delivery of care for patients. Working in partnership with Western University, our researchers are encouraged to pursue their curiosity, collaborate often and share their discoveries widely. Research conducted through Lawson makes a difference in the lives of patients, families and communities around the world. To learn more, visit www.lawsonresearch.ca.
Senior Media Relations Consultant
Communications & Public Engagement
T: 519-685-8500 ext. 73502
Celine.zadorsky@lhsc.on.ca
Current Participants
Thank you for volunteering as a clinical research participant at HULC. You are helping to contribute to our growing knowledge and the advancement of clinical care. Please use these resources to assist in your role as a research participant.
Getting Here
The Roth | McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre (HULC) is located at St. Joseph’s Hospital.
St. Joseph’s Hospital
Room D0-101
268 Grosvenor Street
London, Ontario N6A 4V2 519 646-6100 ext. 64640
Find turn-by-turn directions to HULC.
Contact Us
If you have any questions related to the research study you’re participating in, please contact the HULC clinical research team at 519-646-6100 ext. 64640.
Cutting Edge: Surgical advancement through research
Before the bright lights of the operating room are turned on and the surgeons and operating room staff are gowned and ready, research conducted at Lawson Health Research Institute has backed many of the surgical innovations and firsts performed at London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph’s Health Care London. Join us to hear a panel of Lawson scientists discuss their cutting-edge work at this free community event.
In celebration of Canada’s 150th anniversary as a nation, this event is the second of a two-part series focusing on the future vision for health care in our country and the legacy our research will leave.
Date: Thursday, October 5, 2017
Time: 7 to 9 p.m. at Windermere Manor, 200 Collip Circle
Presented Talks
Computer-assisted gastrointestinal surgery
Dr. Christopher Schlachta
Transplant organ preservation: The best option may be “Stinky”
Dr. Alp Sener
Hand surgery: How small advances turn into complex surgical achievements
Dr. Bing Siang Gan
MODERATOR – Dr. David Hill
Registration
Registration is currently full. Please email @email to be placed on a wait list.
Event Information
Date: Thursday, October 5, 2017
Time: 7 to 9 p.m.
Location: Windermere Manor, 200 Collip Circle