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Dr. Dalton Wolfe, scientist, Lawson Health Research Institute, led a tour of the physiotherapy gym at St. Joseph Health Care London’s Parkwood Institute for 14 nursing students from Kyungil University in South Korea.

The nursing students have spent six weeks in Canada as part of the Health Care and English as a Second Language Program at King’s University College, during which they focused on English as a language instruction with a focus on medical terminology.

Dr. Wolfe showcased various physiotherapy tools, including a locomat and exoskeleton and explained how holistic and practice-based research can lead to better patient outcomes.  

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Keynote speaker at joint mental health research day says compassion in action has proven benefit

Compassion in mental health care – and in all health care – is “what separates good from really great” patient outcomes, Calgary-based researcher Shane Sinclair, PhD, told mental health researchers during a conference Oct. 30, 2024, in London.

Sinclair, who heads the Compassion Research Lab at the University of Calgary, was the invited keynote speaker at the Joint Mental Health Research and Innovation Day, attended by about 130 people.

The event was hosted by Lawson Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute and Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry.

The day also featured 17 poster presentations and 17 oral presentations on different aspects of mental health research. It’s one of the premier annual education-and-development events in mental health science regionally.

This year’s event showcased how compassion could transform health policy, partnerships, systems, care, research and service delivery.

Compassion, respect and excellence are core values of St. Joseph’s Health Care London.

Sinclair noted that the key role of compassion – responding to someone’s suffering with understanding and action – is evidence-based.  

“We do patient-informed and patient-targeted research. And we’ve found compassion makes a difference in how people heal.”
-Shane Sinclair, PhD, compassion researcher

His lab examined the outcomes and satisfaction among patients at 14 emergency rooms across Alberta and found compassion to be the greatest predictor of quality care ratings.  

“What separates good from really great comes down to compassion. These things matter,” Sinclair said.

“It improves their health and their quality of life. It reduces health-care costs, reduces adverse medical outcomes and helps build patients’ trust in the medical information and direction they receive,” he said. 

Psychiatric disorders are often difficult to diagnose. As research advances, we are learning there are multiple subtypes of illness that differ in symptoms and treatment needs, making classification even harder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one example. Individuals with the more common type of PTSD experience active defensive responses like hyperarousal or outbursts of emotion while those with the dissociative subtype experience additional passive defensive responses like ‘shutting down’ or out-of-body experiences.

In a new study from Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University, researchers combined brain imaging and machine learning to classify with 92 per cent accuracy whether individuals had PTSD and whether or not it was the dissociative subtype. The results highlight the promise of brain imaging as a tool for early diagnosis of psychiatric illness, helping to predict symptom development and treatment needs. 

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Brains scans and machine learning were combined to classify PTSD with 92 per cent accuracy. 

The study involved 181 research participants, including those diagnosed with the more common form of PTSD, the dissociative subtype of PTSD, and healthy individuals with no history of PTSD. They participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at St. Joseph’s Health Care London and Robarts Research Institute.

Researchers used the high-powered imaging to analyze patterns of resting-state brain activity where participants simply remained in a state of restful wakefulness in an fMRI scanner. The team found that unique patterns of brain activity differed significantly between the three groups.

“Our research group has been leading a number of studies that have shown differences in brain activity and neural connections between healthy individuals and those with different subtypes of PTSD,” says Dr. Ruth Lanius, a researcher at Lawson, professor at Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry at Western University and psychiatrist at London Health Sciences Centre. “This study further validates that unique patterns of brain activity are associated with different forms of PTSD.”

In the second part of the study, the research team inputted the patterns of brain activity into a machine learning computer algorithm. They found the machine learning system could analyze brain scans to predict whether an individual had PTSD, the dissociative subtype of PTSD or no PTSD with 92 per cent accuracy. 

“Our study suggests brain activity can be used to assist diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and help predict symptoms,” says Andrew Nicholson, PhD, lead author on the study and a post-doctoral fellow at Schulich Medicine & Dentistry who is conducting research at Lawson.  “Patterns of brain activity are objective biomarkers that could be used to diagnose PTSD and, with more research, even predict response to treatment.”

Objective biomarkers hold promise for transforming psychiatric medicine.

“The field of psychiatry does not currently have objective biomarkers like those used to diagnose and understand other illnesses or diseases like cancer,” says Nicholson. “By discovering and validating patterns of brain activity as biomarkers, we can bring objective measures to psychiatry and transform patient care.”

The study, “Machine learning multivariate pattern analysis predicts classification of posttraumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype: A multimodal neuroimaging approach,” is published in Psychological Medicine. 
 

St. Joseph’s Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute have announced plans to move forward with clinical trials testing a drug that could potentially be used to prevent and treat COVID-19. St. Joseph’s Health Care Foundation will accelerate the creation of the studies by providing seed funding to get the research started through donor support. Based on the immediate need, The St. Joseph’s Health Crisis Fund has been created by St. Joseph’s Health Care Foundation to enable these and other research studies currently in development through Lawson, the research arm of St. Joseph’s. 

While supporting urgent COVID-19 clinical trials will be an immediate focus, The St. Joseph’s Health Crisis Fund will also support critical patient care equipment and care and comfort items for healthcare staff and volunteers working on the frontlines of the pandemic across St. Joseph’s.

Led locally by Dr. Michael Silverman, Medical Director of St. Joseph’s Infectious Diseases Care Program, one trial will assess the safety and efficacy of using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to prevent COVID-19 in health care workers recently exposed to the virus. This trial will also assess the drug as a treatment for non-hospitalized patients with mild cases of the illness. St. Joseph’s will be one of many participating sites in the trial, which is being led by the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre.

“There is much debate surrounding the drug hydroxychloroquine. We do not yet know whether it’s safe or effective, and it should not be routinely recommended until we do,” says Dr. Silverman, also a Lawson Associate Scientist and city-wide Chair/Chief of Infectious Diseases. “We plan to carefully study the drug through a randomized controlled trial and assess whether it can help combat COVID-19.”

Dr. Silverman is also partnering with Dr. Michael Borrie, Geriatrician at St. Joseph’s and Lawson Scientist, on a prevention trial to test the safety and efficacy of the drug for patients and residents at Parkwood Institute who have been exposed to COVID-19. They are at a higher risk of infection, as well as serious complications and potential admission to acute care.

“There are two critical goals with this prophylactic trial,” explains Dr. Borrie. “First, we want to see if the drug, taken for five days, is safe for the participants in the study. We will then look to see whether it is effective to prevent illness or lessen symptoms and complications.” 

They are testing whether HCQ may inhibit the coronavirus similar to how the antiviral drug Tamiflu is used to prevent influenza after exposure. The research team will recruit patients and residents who have been accidentally exposed to the virus by a confirmed or presumed case of COVID-19, but who aren’t yet experiencing symptoms. In addition to cardiograms and blood tests for safety, they are collaborating with Dr. Saman Maleki, Lawson Scientist and Immunologist, to analyze the blood for a variety of indicators including the presence of antibodies and immune response. They will collect clinical data and information on common health conditions to gain insights into why some vulnerable individuals get the disease and others don’t.

“We are aware of two small studies that were published rapidly last week, one in France and the other in China, testing the use of chloroquine for potentially treating COVID-19. Further studies are greatly needed,” adds Dr. Borrie. “This study at Parkwood Institute is a good start and we hope to have other Canadian sites join us in recruiting participants so that we can offer statistically significant results as soon as possible.”  

Those interested in donating to St. Joseph’s Health Crisis Fund are asked to visit St. Joseph’s Health Care Foundation’s website to learn more at sjhcfoundation.org. Donations can be made online, through direct mail submissions or by calling the Foundation directly at 519-646-6085. 

“The Sisters of St. Joseph, who founded our organization, faced contagious diseases and other pandemics at different times in our 150+ year history,” says Michelle Campbell. “Today, it’s a different time, and a new disease. Now, more than ever, we ask our community to help us address the crisis facing us all.” 

In the news:

• Global News - London, Ont., researchers to study hydroxychloroquine’s potential to prevent, treat coronavirus
• CTV - London researchers testing drug to prevent COVID-19 spread in long-term care homes
• The London Free Press - New fund set up to help bankroll London research into COVID-19 drug